Anava-upaya

Anava-upaya

आणव-उपाय, āṇava-upāya 

"the path of the individual"

In Kashmir Shaivism philosophy, it means all forms of ritual and yogic practice, in which the main role is played by the efforts of the individual oneself. Anava-upaya – the lowest type of sadhana, correlates with kriya-yoga and is based on external aids and rituals. Next come shakta-upaya, shambhava-upaya and anupaya.