Bhava

Bhava

"existence", "being", "state of consciousness"

Bhava, in the general meaning, is the state, nature, temperament, type of relationship, emotions, feelings, as well as being, existence, emergence, love.

Bhava in ritual literature is also one of the names of Shiva.

Term "bhava" is a fairly broad concept, which can be used differently in different traditions. In Vaishnava tradition it is used mainly to define various types of Bhakti, as love of God, relationship with God.

In Buddhism, Nyaya, Vaysheshika, as well as in grammar and philosophy it is used rather as a term of "being", "existence", or even existence modification.

In Tantra and Yoga, bhava is often referred to nature/character or state, as well as an emotional attitude towards God. For example, in Tantra, people characters, including practitioners, are divided into three kinds: pashu-bhava (the state/character of animal), vira-bhava (the state/character of hero), and divya-bhava (divine character). Depending on bhava different types of prescriptions, practices, rituals may vary. In Yoga, this classification can also be applied, since yoga often contains many tantric elements, although yogic methods are varied as well, and different practices may be suitable for different people. 

Further, in Yoga, bhava is also widely used in the meaning of "state of soul or mind", "nature of perception", "emotional state". In this sense, the correct bhava is very important for practice of mantras, pujas, as well as in the perception of Guru and Deities (bhavana).

Here is an example of this term usage in Nath texts, in particular in the "Amanaska-yoga":

"64. In whatever state (bhava) from sleep to wakefulness, yogi would perform bhavana, he no doubt remains liberated."

"77. The state of one who is in spontaneity can be described as follows: all arising states (bhavas) return to emptiness, every moment he remains immersed in his own Self, his hands, feet and other organs are motionless, relaxed and devoid of distortion, he is like a dead body, since the breath has disappeared, being devoid of a foundation or a flame in a windless place."